Example

**Pre-Experimental Design ** - loose in structure, could be biased Group 2: - » O || Weakness lies in no examination of pre-experimental equivalence of groups. Conclusion is reached by comparing the performance of each group to determine the effect of a variable on one of them. || ** Research Design in Occupational Education **** ( 1997 James P. Key. Oklahoma State University**
 * __Chart Summary: __**
 * Aim of the Research || Name of the Design  || Notation Paradigm  || Comments  ||
 * To attempt to explain a consequent by an antecedent || <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">One-shot experimental case study || <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">X » O || <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">An approach that prematurely links antecedents and consequences. The least reliable of all experimental approaches. ||
 * <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">To evaluate the influence of a variable || <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">One group pretest-posttest || <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">O » X » O || <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">An approach that provides a measure of change but can provide no conclusive results. ||
 * <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">To determine the influence of a variable on one group and not on another || <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">Static group comparison || <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">Group 1: X » O

<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;"> <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
 * True Experimental Designs **